Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 in Children Elsevier Point of Care ( see details ) Updated August 8, 2022. Copyright Elsevier BV. All rights reserved. Synopsis Urgent Action DKA and severe treatment-related hypoglycemia are life-threatening complications and must be treated emergently In any child with known diabetes who presents with altered mental status, check glucose level and correct any hypoglycemia immediately If patient is severely hyperglycemic, correct volume deficits, electrolyte abnormalities, and administer insulin Identify and treat any associated infections Key Points Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and absolute insulin deficiency secondary to destruction of pancreatic β-cells Type 1 diabetes accounts for most cases of diabetes diagnosed in childhood Children with type 1 diabetes typically present abruptly with severe hyperglycemia and/or in state of DKA Children typically have an elevated glucose l...